Local knowledge of gully erosion in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: the case of the avenue sikama mega-gully in the commune of Kisenso
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
One of the current environmental challenges facing tropical cities is the sustainable management of gully erosion. Indeed, gully erosion in a built-up environment causes the loss of infrastructures, homes and human lives. This has devastating socio-economic and socio-psychological effects. This study analyses the local knowledge around the Avenue Sikama mega-gully in Kisenso, one of Kinshasa's municipalities, about the gullies according to the zone of location in relation to the gully (upstream zone, critical zone, downstream zone). Surveys were carried out with a random sample of 82 respondents in each of the three zones considered, covering the causes of erosion, erosion control proposals, and assessment of perceived level of risk exposure (nr) on an increasing scale from 1 to 10. The contingency tables of causes and control proposals for the three zones considered were subjected to correspondence factorial analysis, and the nr data to analysis of variance. In the upstream and downstream zones, respondents rated their risk as medium (nr = 4.3 and nr = 5.2 respectively). In the upstream zone, they cited technical and financial causes, and proposed plot management, while in the downstream zone, they cited a lack of community spirit as a cause, and proposed community mobilization. In the critical zone, respondents rated their risk as high (nr = 9.6). They cited the lack of spatial organization as the cause and called for help. Local knowledge of erosion therefore remains calibrated not by the landscape perspective of the problem but by the local experience of the immediate environment.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Droits d'auteur et licences
L’auteur est toute personne ayant contribué de façon significative à la conception, la recherche ou la rédaction de l'article. L’ordre de présentation des auteurs reflète le niveau de contribution de chacun.
Les auteurs cèdent une licence exclusive de première publication à la Revue Ecosystèmes et Paysages (online-ISSN : 2790-3230). Cette licence permet la production, la diffusion et l’indexation de l’article sur la plateforme de publication (prestogo), dans les bases d’indexation de contenus (E-ISSN, ROAD, DOI, CROSSREF, OpenAlex, FAO AGRIS, OpenAir), Listes de classement des revues (AJOL, JPPS**), dans les répertoires de revues (EZB Electronic, Data Cite Comon), les préservateurs numériques (PKP-PN/LOCKSS PKP-PN/CLOCKSS) et les agrégateurs de contenu (Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCDI), Google scholar, Research Gate, World Cat OCLC, Scilit, Zenodo, LENS, R-Discovery).
Toutefois, la propriété intellectuelle et les droits d’auteur sur le contenu original demeurent à leurs auteurs. Les auteurs conservent les droits d'auteur des articles publiés et accordent à l'éditeur le droit non exclusif de publier l'article, d'être cité comme l'éditeur original en cas de réutilisation et de le distribuer sous toutes les formes et dans tous les médias. Les articles seront distribués sous la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Les auteurs peuvent conclure des accords contractuels supplémentaires distincts pour la distribution non exclusive de l'article publié (par exemple, l'envoyer à un dépôt institutionnel ou le publier dans un livre), en mentionnant sa publication initiale dans ce journal.
Politique de confidentialité
Les noms et coordonnées des auteurs, évaluateurs (membres du comité de lecture) et collaborateurs, ainsi que celles de leurs organisations ou unités d’attache institutionnelles, recueillis dans le cadre des activités de la Revue Ecosystèmes et Paysages, sont traités de manière confidentielle. Ils ne seront jamais utilisés à des fins commerciales ou publiques, à l’exception de leur mention dans la signature des articles publiés.
La Revue Ecosystèmes et Paysages se réserve toutefois la possibilité d’exploiter ces informations pour ses propres activités, notamment afin de solliciter des articles, des collaborations ou des contributions, ainsi que pour transmettre ponctuellement des avis de diffusion de nouvelle parution par courrier électronique. Toute personne peut demander en tout temps à être retirée de ces listes.
Politique sur les frais de publication
La revue Revue Ecosystèmes et Paysages, est gratuite sur toute la ligne et applique les règles de frais de charges suivantes :
- Frais de publication : non
- Frais de soumission : non
- Frais d’exonération : non
- Frais de page : non
- Frais de page en couleur : non
References
ActionAid 2012 Contributing to poverty eradication in Kinshasa; Action Aid: Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; p. 32.
Adediji A, Ibitoye MO 2013 Urban Gully Development in Southwestern Nigeria. Positioning, 4, 183-191. http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=31521. https://www.scirp.org/html/6-8501054_31521.htm
Berque A 2014 Mesology, why and what for? 1st edition; Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre: Paris, France, p. 78
Bogaert J, Halleux J-M. 2015 Periurban areas: development, challenges and prospects in the South; Les presses agronomiques de Gem-bloux: Gembloux, Belgium, p. 306.
Chalot R 2015 Ecology and urban planning: how can living experts contribute to the design of the urban framework? VertigO, Available online: http://vertigo.revues.org/16561; DOI: 10.4000/vertigo .16561. (accessed on 04 February, 2022)
Charpentier A, Moser G, Weiss K 2004 Espaces de vies. Aspects de la relation homme-environnement; A. Colin. Collection Sociétales: Paris, France, p.396.
Commune report 2022 Kisenso commune report, fiscal year 2022; Kisenso commune: Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Da Cunha A 2015 New urban ecology and sustainable urbanism: from ecological imperative to urban quality. BSGLg, 65, 5-25. https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_5CD9AD1A7010.P001/REF.pdf
Dagnelie P 1998 Theoretical and applied statistics, Volumes 1 and 2, 1st ed.; De Boeck et Larcier: Bruxelles, Belgium. De Boeck and Larcier s.a., pp. 659.
Flouriot J 2013 Kinshasa 2005. Thirty years after the publication of the Atlas of Kinshasa. Les Cahiers d’Outre-Mer, 261, 29-55.
Gauzin-Müller D 2001 Ecological architecture. Editions le Moniteur, Paris, France, p.286.
Husson F, Josse J, Le S, Mazet J 2013 FactoMineR: multivariate exploratory data analysis and data mining with R. R Package Version 1.25., http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=FactoMineR.
Ionita I 2006 Gully development in moldarian plateaus of Romania. Journal of Environmental Management, 68(2-3), 133-140. DOI:10.4236/pos.2013.42018. http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=31521.
Jay M, Stolte O 2011 A human ecology of urban gully restoration: a New Zealand example. Urban habitat, 6, http://www.urbanhabitats.org/v06n01/urbanravine_full.html.
Katunga Nijikap F-R 2018 Mesological mentality and Idiocosmognosies on the environment in urban and peri-urban Kinshasa and Kikwit. PhD thesis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa.
Kayembe KW, Wolff EM 2015 Contribution of the geographical approach to the study of the human factors of in-tra-urban gully erosion in Kinshasa (R.D. Congo). Geo-Eco- Trop, 39(1), 119-138.
Lelo Nzuzi F 2008 Kinshasa City and environment; Edition Harmattan, Paris, France, p.282.
Lhémery M 2006 Intervening to solve environmental problems: an essay on the understanding and methodology of intervention. Université du Québec, Montréal.
Lopanza MJ, Habaieb H, Luboya TC 2020 Urban erosions in Kinshasa: Causes, consequences and prospects. European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 5(3), 147 – 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v5i3.878. https://oapub.org/soc/index.php/EJSSS/article/view/878
Lutete LE, Ilombe MG, Makanzu IF, Bielders C, Dewitte O, Poesen J, Hubert A, Vanmaercke M 2023 Effectiveness of measures aiming to stabilize urban gullies in tropical cities: Results from fifield surveys across D.R. Congo. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 11, 14 – 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.10.003. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633922000818
Makanzu Imwangana F 2010 Study of gully erosion in Kinshasa between 1957 and 2007 using remote sensing and GIS. Com-plementary Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, Liège University.
Makanzu Imwangana F, Dewitte O, Ntombi M, Moeyersons J 2014 Topographic and road control of mega-gullies in Kinshasa (DR.Congo). Geomorphology, 217, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.021. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169555X14002244
Makanzu Imwangana F, Vandecasteele I, Trefois P, Ozer P, Moeyersons J 2015 The origin and control of mega-gullies in Kinshasa (D.R. Congo). Catena, 125, 38-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.09.019. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0341816214002835
Miti Tseta F 2005 The perception of the erosion phenomenon" by the population of the Révolution district in the commune of Kisenso. Mouvements et enjeux sociaux, 27, 40-68.
Miti Tseta F, Aloni Komanda J 2005 The impact of erosion on the socio-economic development and future urbanization of Kin-shasa. Mouvements et enjeux sociaux, 27, 15-28.
Moser G 2009 Environmental psychology. Human-environment relations ; De Boeck, Collection : Ouvertures Psychologiques : Brussel, Belgium, p. 298.
Moser G, Weiss K 2003 Living spaces. Aspects of the human-environment relationship; A. Colin. Collection Sociétales: Paris, France, p. 396.
Ngatse R 2021 Study of the perception of water erosion by the Mongo Mpoukou in Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo Republic of Congo: the case of the Tchiali district. Revue Espaces Géographique et Société Marocaine, 54, 43-59
Ngub'usim Mpey-Nka R 1992 Idiocosmognosies of the borderless peasants of the Zaire River and actions to develop their sites. Zaïre-Afrique: économie, culture, vie sociale, 32(263),163-171.
Oura RK 2012 Urban expansion and natural protection: The difficult experience of Abidjan," VertigO, 12(2) Available online : http:// journals.openedition.org/vertigo/12966; DOI: 10.4000/vertigo.12966 (Accessed on 20 August 2018). https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1022534ar https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/vertigo/2012-v12-n2-vertigo01159/1022534ar/abstract/
Peel MC, Finlayson BL, Mcmahon TA 2007 Updated word map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11 (5),1633-1644. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/11/1633/2007/
Rey F, Crosaz Y, Cassotti F, De Matos M 2015 ant engineering, bioengineering and ecological engineering: concepts of yesterday and today. Sciences Eaux & Territoires, 1(16), 4-9.
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD) 2012 Cities and Biodiversity Outlook; Montreal, Canada, p. 64.
Shomana L 2003 The economic and social cost of gully erosion. Cas de Kisenso/ Mont Ngafula. Bachelor's thesis, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa.
Stokes A, Norris JE, Greenwood JR 2008 Introduction to ecotechnological solutions. In Slope stability and erosion control: eco-technological solutions; Norris J. E., Stokes A., Mickovski S. B., Cammeraat E., Beek R., Nicoll B. C., Achim A., Eds.; springer: The Netherlands, pp.1- 8. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6676-4_1. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-6676-4_1
Tchotsoua M 1994 Informal dynamics of urban space and accelerated erosion in a humid tropical environment: the case of the city of Yaoundé. Cahiers d'outre-mer, 185, 123-136. https://www.persee.fr/doc/caoum_0373-5834_1994_num_47_185_3508
Trefon T, Kabuyaya N 2015 Peri-urban spaces in Central Africa. In Peri-urban territories: development, challenges and prospects in developing countries Bogaert J., Halleux J.-M., Eds.; Les presses agronomiques de Gembloux: Gembloux, Belgium, pp. 33-42.
Van Caillie X 1990 Erodibility of sandy soils in Zaire and erosion control. Cah. ORSTOM, Pédologie series, 25 (1-2), 197-208.
Van Caillie X 1997 Slope map (1:20,000) of the Kinshasa hill region. Réseau Erosion, Bull, ORSTOM, 17, 198-204.
World Bank 2018 Review of urbanization in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Productive and inclusive cities for the emergence of the Democratic Republic of Congo, World Bank Group, https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1205-7.
Wouters T, Wolff E 2010 Contribution to the analysis of intra-urban erosion in Kinshasa (R.D.C). Belgeo, 3, 293-314. https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.6477. https://journals.openedition.org/belgeo/6477